BBSs arose multiple times along the evolutionary history of frogs.
All of them create the leaf-like coloration of treefrogs but rely on different biophysical properties of BBSs that were tuned by aminoacid substitutions tuned over millions of years. BBSs from different species have only 40-75% identity, which for a protein of 400 amino acids means that roughly ~200 amino acids in the BBSs structure are conserved between them. An evolutionary biochemistry approach allows us to investigate the changes in the sequence space that allowed the biochemical changes to bind biliverdin and ultimately produce colors. |